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Home > Products > Monel bar > Monel 400/UNS N04400/W.Nr. 2.4360/Alloy 400 bar
Monel 400 bar, designated as UNS N04400, material number W.Nr. 2.4360, and commonly known as Alloy 400, is a nickel-copper alloy renowned for its exce…
Monel 400 bar, designated as UNS N04400, material number W.Nr. 2.4360, and commonly known as Alloy 400, is a nickel-copper alloy renowned for its excellent corrosion resistance in a wide range of environments, including seawater, acids, and alkalis. This bar stock form is a versatile and widely used material for machining components such as pump shafts, valve stems, marine hardware, and fasteners in chemical processing, marine, oil and gas, and power generation industries.
Monel 400 is a solid-solution alloy that combines the corrosion resistance of nickel with the strength and toughness of copper. It exhibits good mechanical properties from sub-zero temperatures up to about 480°C (900°F) and is highly resistant to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking. The bar stock is known for its good fabricability, weldability, and reliable performance in demanding corrosive services, making it a cornerstone material for critical components in harsh environments.
The balanced composition of Monel 400 bar is the key to its robust corrosion resistance and strength. Supplied by Shanghai NC Metal Materials Co., Ltd., the bar stock adheres to international standards ensuring consistent quality.
| Element | Percentage (%) – Typical Range | Primary Function in the Alloy |
|---|---|---|
| Nickel (Ni) | ≥ 63.0 | Primary base element; provides fundamental corrosion resistance, particularly to reducing environments and alkalis. |
| Copper (Cu) | 28.0 – 34.0 | Major alloying element; enhances resistance to reducing acids like sulfuric and hydrochloric, and provides solid-solution strengthening. |
| Iron (Fe) | 2.5 max | Residual element; kept low to optimize corrosion resistance. |
| Manganese (Mn) | 2.0 max | Residual element, aids in deoxidation during melting. |
| Carbon (C) | 0.3 max | Residual element. |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.5 max | Residual element. |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.024 max | Impurity control; kept very low to maintain good hot workability and weldability. |
Monel 400 bar offers a good combination of strength, ductility, and toughness across a wide temperature range. It is commonly supplied in the hot-worked or cold-worked and annealed conditions.
| Mechanical Property | Typical Value at Room Temperature (Annealed) | ASTM B164 (UNS N04400) Minimum Requirement | Key Characteristic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 480 – 620 MPa (70 – 90 ksi) | ≥ 480 MPa (70 ksi) | Good strength for structural and pressure-containing parts. |
| Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | 170 – 345 MPa (25 – 50 ksi) | ≥ 170 MPa (25 ksi) | – |
| Elongation in 2 inches (50mm) | ≥ 35% | ≥ 35% | Excellent ductility, facilitating forming and machining operations. |
| Hardness (Rockwell B) | 70 – 90 HRB | – | – |
The physical properties of Alloy 400 bar are important for thermal and electrical design in various applications.
| Physical Property | Value at Room Temperature (20°C / 68°F) | Notes / Condition |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.80 g/cm³ (0.318 lb/in³) | – |
| Melting Range | 1300 – 1350°C (2370 – 2460°F) | – |
| Specific Heat | 427 J/kg·°C (0.102 BTU/lb·°F) | At 100°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 21.8 W/m·K (151 BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F) | At 100°C |
| Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 13.9 μm/m·°C (7.7 μin/in·°F) | 20-100°C (68-212°F) |
| Electrical Resistivity | 51.0 microhm-cm (510 nΩ·m) | At 20°C |
| Modulus of Elasticity (Tensile) | 179 GPa (26 x 10^6 psi) | At 20°C |
Shanghai NC Metal Materials Co., Ltd. supplies Monel 400 bar in a comprehensive range of forms to suit various fabrication needs.
| Product Form | Standard Size Range | Key Standard Specifications | Common Supply Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Round Bar (Hot Rolled/Forged) | 10mm (0.4″) to 350mm (14″) Diameter | ASTM B164 (UNS N04400), ASME SB-164, DIN 17751 (W.Nr. 2.4360), NACE MR0175 | Hot Finished & Annealed, Cold Drawn & Annealed |
| Hexagonal Bar | 10mm to 80mm Across Flats | ASTM B164, DIN 17751 | Hot Rolled & Annealed, Cold Drawn |
| Square Bar | 10mm to 80mm Width | ASTM B164 | Hot Rolled & Annealed |
| Cold Finished Bar (Drawn/Ground) | 5mm to 150mm Diameter | ASTM B164 (cold drawn) | Cold Drawn, Centerless Ground, Stress-Relieved |
| Forging Billet | 150mm to 500mm Diameter | ASTM B564 (Forgings), Customer specs | As-Forged, Annealed |
Machined components from Monel 400 bar are essential in numerous corrosive services: Marine & Offshore: Pump shafts, propeller shafts, valve stems, fasteners, and seawater piping systems. Chemical Processing: Reactor vessels, heat exchanger tubes, mixing tanks, and piping for handling sulfuric, hydrofluoric, and phosphoric acids, and alkalis. Oil & Gas: Wellhead components, tools, and piping for sour gas (H2S) and produced water service. Power Generation: Feedwater heaters, condenser tubes, and other components in fossil and nuclear plants. Desalination Plants: Evaporator and heat recovery tubing.
Monel 400 offers excellent resistance to a broad spectrum of corrosive environments. It performs exceptionally well in seawater and brackish water, exhibiting high resistance to both general corrosion and chloride-induced pitting and stress corrosion cracking. It resists dilute sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, phosphoric acid, and most alkalis. It is also resistant to hydrofluoric acid at all concentrations and temperatures. However, it is not suitable for oxidizing acids like nitric acid or environments with strong oxidizers. Its resistance to fast-flowing seawater makes it a premier material for marine propeller shafts and pump components.
Monel 400 bar is machinable but presents challenges typical of tough, ductile nickel alloys. It work-hardens rapidly and produces long, tough chips. Best practices include: using rigid machine tools; sharp carbide or high-speed steel tools with positive rake angles; low to moderate cutting speeds; heavy, consistent feed rates; and high-pressure coolant to break chips and control heat. Its machinability rating is lower than that of stainless steels like 316, but with proper technique, good results are achieved.
Monel 400 is considered readily weldable by common fusion welding processes, including Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW/TIG), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW/MIG), and Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW/Stick). Matching filler metals (e.g., ERNiCu-7) are recommended. It is also suitable for soldering and brazing. The alloy is not prone to post-weld heat treatment cracking. For optimal corrosion resistance in aggressive environments, a solution anneal after welding may be specified to restore properties in the heat-affected zone.
The price of Monel 400 bar from Shanghai NC Metal Materials Co., Ltd. is primarily driven by its high nickel content, with copper also being a significant factor.
| Pricing Factor | Impact on Reference Price | Procurement Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Nickel and Copper Content | High nickel (≥63%) and substantial copper (~30%) content make the base price highly sensitive to both metal markets. | Monel 400 is a premium corrosion-resistant alloy. Its cost is justified in applications where its specific combination of seawater and acid resistance is required, outperforming stainless steels. |
| Form and Condition | Cold-finished, ground bar and large forging billets command a premium over standard hot-rolled and annealed round bar. | For general component machining, hot-rolled annealed round bar offers the best value. Specify cold-finished bar for precision shaft work where tolerances and surface finish are critical. |
| Industry Certification | Bar supplied with NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 certification for sour service or for ASME pressure vessel construction may carry a small premium. | For oil & gas or chemical plant pressure equipment, ensure the material order specifies the required certification. |
| Quantity and Size | Large volume orders for standard sizes benefit from economies of scale. Very large diameters or non-standard forms are more expensive. | Consolidate requirements and use standard stock sizes where possible to obtain the most favorable pricing from Shanghai NC Metal Materials Co., Ltd. |
We are factory wholesale price, and the prices are lower than 95% of suppliers. Our professional quotation will help you with your project. Expecting our long-term cooperation. ）
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